Электронный журнал: Вопросы окружающей среды

Land degradation represents one of the most critical environmental challenges in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly in irrigated agricultural systems. This study investigates the processes of land degradation in the Ahal region of Turkmenistan, with a specific focus on soil salinization and vegetation stress associated with long-term irrigation practices. Using remote sensing techniques, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and drought index data were analyzed to assess spatial patterns of vegetation condition and environmental stress. The results reveal a strong negative correlation between NDVI and drought index values, indicating that areas with reduced vegetation activity are associated with higher levels of environmental stress. Comparative analysis with existing soil salinization maps demonstrates that zones characterized by low NDVI and high drought index values frequently correspond to areas affected by salinity. These findings suggest that irrigation-induced salinization, combined with inadequate drainage, plays a significant role in land degradation within the study area. Based on the findings, the study proposes a set of preventive measures, including improved irrigation management, drainage system enhancement, and targeted monitoring of high-risk zones.

This study assesses the ecological condition of degraded pasture lands in the Ahal region through field surveys and soil composition analysis. Results indicate significant loss of native grass species and topsoil fertility across heavily grazed zones, with recommendations for rotational grazing and native plant restoration strategies.